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Obama Stimulus Package Pros and Cons

President Obamas stimulus package, the American Recovery and Investment Act of 2009, was passed by Congress on February 13, 2009 and signed into law by the President four days later. No House Republicans and only three Senate Republicans voted for the bill. Obamas $787 billion stimulus package is a consortium of thousands of federal tax reductions, and expenditures on infrastructure, education, health care, energy and other projects. This stimulus package was to jumpstart the U.S. economy out of recession mainly by generating two to three million new jobs and replacing decreased consumer spending. (See specific Pros and Cons at page two of this article.) Stimulus Spending: Keynesian Economic Theory The concept that an economy would be boosted if the government spent large sums of borrowed money was first set forth by John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), a British economist. Per Wikipedia, In the 1930s, Keynes spearheaded a revolution in economic thinking, overturning the older ideas... that held that free markets would automatically provide full employment as long as workers were flexible in their wage demands. ... During the 1950s and 1960s, the success of Keynesian economics was so resounding that almost all capitalist governments adopted its policy recommendations. The 1970s: Free-Market Economic Theory Keynesian economics theory receded from public use with the advent of free-market thinking which postulated that the merket works optimally when without government inteference of any kind. Led by U.S. economist Milton Friedman, 1976 Nobel Economics Prize recipient, free-market economics evolved into a political movement under President Ronald Reagan who famously declared, Government is not the solution to our problems. Government is the problem. 2008 Failure of Free-Market Economics Absence of adequate U.S. government monitoring of the economy is blamed by most parties for the 2008 U.S. and worldwide recession. Keynesian economist Paul Krugman, 2008 Nobel Economics Prize recipient, wrote in November 2008: The key to Keynes’s contribution was his realization that liquidity preference — the desire of individuals to hold liquid monetary assets — can lead to situations in which effective demand isn’t enough to employ all the economy’s resources. In other words, per Krugman, human self-interest (i.e. greed)occasionally must be prodded by government to facilitate a healthy economy. Latest Developments In July 2009, many Democrats, including some presidential advisors, believe that $787 billion was too small to bolster the economy, as evidenced by the continuing U.S. economic slump. Labor Secretary Hilda Solis admittedon July 8, 2009 about the economy, Nobody is happy, and the president and I feel very strongly that we have to do everything we can to create jobs. Dozens of respected economists, including Paul Krugman, told the White House that an effective stimulus must be at least $2 trillion, in order to replace the drop in consumer and governmental spending. President Obama, however, aspired for bipartisan support, so the White House compromised by adding Republican-urged tax breaks. And hundreds of billions in desperately-sought state aid and other programs were chopped from the final $787 billion stimulus package. Unemployment Continues to Climb Unemployment has continued to climb at an alarming rate, despite passage of the $787 billion economic stimulus package. Explains The Australian News: ... only six months ago Obama was telling Americans that unemployment, then at 7.2%, could be held to a peak of 8% this year if Congress passed his $US787 billion stimulus package. Congress duly obliged and unemployment has galloped ahead ever since. Most economists now believe the 10% mark will be reached before the year is out. ... Obamas jobless prediction would be out of whack by more than four million jobs. As it stands now, he has miscalculated by about 2.6 million jobs. Slow to Spend Stimulus Funds The Obama administration has stumbled in rapidly circulating stimulus funds back into the economy. Per all reports, as of the end of June 2009, only about 7% of approved funds have spent. Investment analyst Rutledge Capital observes, In spite of all the talk we have seen about shovel ready projects, not much of the money has actually made its way into the economy yet... Economist Bruce Bartlett explained in The Daily Beast on July 8, 2009, In a recent briefing, CBO director Doug Elmendorf estimated that only 24 percent of all the stimulus funds will have been spent by September 30. And 61 percent of that will go to low-impact income transfers; only 39 percent is for high-impact spending on highways, mass transit, energy efficiency, et al. By September 30, only 11 percent of all the funds allocated to such programs will be spent. Background President Obamas stimulus package of $787 billion includes: Infrastructure - Total: $80.9 billion, including: $51.2 billion for roads, bridges, railways, sewers, public transportation $29.5 billion for government facilities and vehicle fleets $15 billion for other projects, including $7.2 billion for public broadband, wireless Internet access, $750 million to the National Park Service, $650 million to the Forest Service, and $515 million for wildfire prevention. Education $44.5 billion to local school districts to prevent layoffs and cutbacks, with flexibility to use the funds for school modernization and repair $15.6 billion to increase Pell Grants from $4,731 to $5,350 $13 billion for low-income public schoolchildren $12.2 billion for IDEA special education $300 million for increased teacher salaries Health Care $86.6 billion for Medicaid $24.7 billion to provide a 65% subsidy of COBRA healthcare premiums for the unemployed $19 billion for health information technology $10 billion for health research, National Institutes of Health facilities $1.3 billion for medical care for military members, families $1 billion for the Veterans Health Administration $2 billion for Community Health Centers Energy $11 billion funding for an electric smart grid $6.3 billion for state, local governments to invest in energy efficiencies $6 billion for renewable energy, electric transmission technologies loan guarantees $6 billion for the cleanup of radioactive waste from nuclear power plants $5 billion for weatherizing modest-income homes $4.5 billion to modernize the U.S. electrical grid $2 billion for manufacture of advanced car battery systems $400 million for electric vehicle technologies Housing $4 billion to HUD for repairing, modernizing public housing $2.25 billion in tax credits for financing low-income housing construction $2 billion to help communities purchase and repair foreclosed housing $1.5 billion for rental assistance and housing relocation Scientific Research $3 billion to the National Science Foundation $2 billion to the United States Department of Energy $1.3 billion for university research facilities $1 billion to NASA American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 BY Wikipedia Pros Pros for the Obama administrations $787 billion stimulus package can be summed up in one obvious statement: If the stimulus works to shock the U.S. economy out of its steep 2008-2009 recession, and stems the unemployment rate, then it will be judged a success. Economic historians persuasively argue that Keynesian-style spending was largely instrumental in pulling the U.S. out of the Great Depression, and in propelling growth of the U.S. and world economies in the 1950s and 1960s. Meeting Urgent, Worthy Needs Of course, liberals also fervently believe that many thousands of urgent and worthy needs... long ignored and exacerbated by the Bush administration... are met by spending initiatives included in Obamas stimulus package, including: Long overdue repair and renewal of dangerously crumbling U.S. infrastructure, including highways and roads, the electric power grid, dams, bridges, levees, water mains and sewer systems, airports, and more; Vital aid to beleaguered local school districts to prevent layoffs and cutbacks, plus $300 million for increased teacher salaries Expansion of public transportation systems, building new high-speed passenger rail systems $116 billion in payroll tax relief for individuals making less than $75,000 annually, and for couples jointly making less than $150,000. $40 billion to extend unemployment benefits, and to increase benefits by $25 weekly Increased medical coverage for military members and their families, and $1 billion for the Veterans Administration, which suffered major cutbacks under President Bush Food programs for low-income Americans, including $150 million to help refill food banks, $100 million for meals programs for seniors, and $100 million for free school lunch programs . Cons Critics of President Obamas stimulus package either believe that: economic stimulus spending is doomed to fail, especially when it entails borrowing to obtain the funds to be spent (i.e. deficit spending); or the compromise size or focus of the stimulus bill doomed the measure to be inadequate to pull the U.S. out of the 2008-2009 recession. Stimulus Spending Coupled with Borrowing Is Reckless A June 6, 2009 Louisville Courier-Journal editorial eloquently expresses this con perspective: Lyndon is getting a new walking path between Whipps Mill Road and North Hurstbourne Lane... Lacking sufficient funds, the U.S. will borrow from China and other increasingly skeptical lenders to pay for luxuries like Lyndons little walkway. Our children and grandchildren will have to pay back the unimaginable debt with which we are saddling them. Of course, the fallout from their forebears financial irresponsibility could first consume them in revolution, ruin or tyranny... Obama and congressional Democrats are making an already awful situation exponentially worse... Borrowing from foreigners to build paths in Lyndon is not only bad policy, but ought to also be unconstitutional. Stimulus Package Was Inadequate or Wrongly Focused Lamented liberal economist Paul Krugman, Even if the original Obama plan — around $800 billion in stimulus, with a substantial fraction of that total given over to ineffective tax cuts — had been enacted, it wouldnt have been enough to fill the looming hole in the U.S. economy, which the Congressional Budget Office estimates will amount to $2.9 trillion over the next three years. Yet the centrists did their best to make the plan weaker and worse. One of the best features of the original plan was aid to cash-strapped state governments, which would have provided a quick boost to the economy while preserving essential services. But the centrists insisted on a $40 billion cut in that spending. Moderate Republican David Brooks opined ... theyve created a sprawling, undisciplined smorgasbord, which has spun off a series of unintended consequences. First, by trying to do everything all it once, the bill does nothing well. The money spent on long-term domestic programs means there may not be enough to jolt the economy now... The money spent on stimulus, meanwhile, means there’s not enough to truly reform domestic programs like health technology, schools and infrastructure. The measure mostly pumps more money into old arrangements. Where It Stands Congressional Republicans tore into the Obama administration over the economic stimulus plan,... arguing that the White House is mishandling the distribution of the money while overstating the ability of the package to create jobs, reported CNN on July 8, 2009 about a contentious hearing before the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee. CNN continued, The White House Office of Management and Budget defended the plan, arguing that every federal dollar spent has, by definition, helped to ease the pain of the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. A Second Stimulus Package? Obama economic advisor Laura Tyson, former Director of the National Economic Council, said in a July 2009 speech that the U.S. should consider drafting a second stimulus package focusing on infrastructure projects because the $787 billion approved in February was a bit too small per Bloomberg.com. In contrast, economist Bruce Bartlett, a conservative Obama supporter, pens in an article entitled Obamas Clueless Liberal Critics, that the argument for more stimulus implicitly assumes that the bulk of stimulus funds have been paid out and done their work. However, the data show that very little of the stimulus has actually been spent. Bartlett argues that stimulus critics are reacting impatiently, and notes that economist Christina Romer, who now chairs the Council of Economic Advisers, says the stimulus is working just as planned and that no additional stimulus is needed. Would Congress Pass a Second Stimulus bill? The burning, relevant question is: Is it politically possible for President Obama to push Congress into passing a second economic stimulus package in 2009 or 2010? The first stimulus package passed on a House vote of 244-188, with all Republicans and eleven Democrats voting NO. The bill squeezed by on a filibuster-proof 61-36 Senate vote, but only after making significant compromises to attract three Republican YES votes. All Senate Democrats voted for the bill, except those absent due to illness. But with public confidence falling in Obamas leadership in mid-2009 on economic matters, and with the first stimulus bill failing to quell unemployment, moderate Democrats cant be relied on to solidly support additional stimulus legislation. Would Congress pass a second stimulus package in 2009 or 2010? The jury is out, but the verdict, in summer 2009, doesnt look good for the Obama administration.

The Benefits of Sex Education in Public Schools Essays

Bill Cosby quotes, â€Å"sex education may be a good idea in the schools, but I do not believe that kids should be given homework.† Although Cosby makes light of the situation, educating the youth about sex and sexuality is imperative to providing a holistic educational experience. Sexual education in the public school setting is best described as education about human anatomy, reproduction, intercourse, and other human sexual behavior. Most importantly, sex education in an academic setting which provides students the facts they need to make informed decisions regarding their own sexuality and sexual behaviors. Schools have the resources needed to educate teens and encourage them to make appropriate decisions. Being aware of everything allows†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Many sexually experienced teens, 46 percent of males and 33 percent of females did not receive formal instruction about contraception before they first had sex† (Facts on American Teens).Teens ne ed access to accurate information about sexual health. Time magazines latest study was regarding children talking to parents about sex found that more than 40 percent of adolescents already experimented with intercourse before speaking to parents about safe sex, birth control, or sexual transmitted diseases (STDs). Great Schools suggests that single-sex education can broaden the educational prospects for both girls and boys (Great Schools). Despite objection from parents, sex education taught in schools help teens understand the consequences of having pre-marital sex; such as, teenage pregnancy, and educate teenagers about sexual transmitted disease. Students need access to the factual info because of the fact that societal norms continue to evolve and abstinence only is an unrealistic expectation. They are made aware of the physical phases of change and the stages of growth and development. â€Å"Sex education in school will assist teens to comprehend a positive outlook regarding sexuality, educate about healthy sex choices, and help them decide for themselves about proper decisions in their future†(Primary System). Having a venue where students can speak openly about the changes in their body and sexual activity allows them to ask questions they are uncomfortable askingShow MoreRelatedDo Same-Sex High Schools Promote Educational Success?1584 Words   |  7 PagesDo Same-Sex High Schools Promote Educational Success? By Kyle Neugebauer 3/11/2012 In this paper I am going to try to persuade you that same-sex high schools promote educational success. Single-sex education is an old approach that has recently gained new momentum. When we think about single-sex education, we tend to think just about private schools; however, there is a new push to create same-sex education in public schools as well. There are several arguments and statistics I will useRead MoreSex Education : A High Amount Of Controversy1580 Words   |  7 PagesWhen sex education was first introduced into the school system there was a high amount of controversy. Many parents disagreed with the idea of the school teaching their children about sex, but some parents were in agreement with the benefits that sex education would offer their children. The idea of teaching sex education offered many probable benefits, such as introducing children to contraception and the risks of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) at a young age could help to prevent teen pregnanc yRead MoreSingle-Sex Schools Benefits974 Words   |  4 PagesSingle-sex school s benefits In some countries single-sex schools is not provided and against the law. In 2002, only a dozen schools were separating sexes and this research is according to the National Association for Single Sex Public Education. Many parents believe that placing their child in single-sex schools give them sexual freedom. Students in single-sex school benefit more than those in co-education. It improves the behaviour, performance of the students, although boys and girlsRead MoreBenefits Of Single Sex Schools1004 Words   |  5 PagesFebruary 9, 2015 Benefits of Same-Gender Education There are many benefits of Single-Sex Schools, primarily there is a change in student development. Scientists have many theories to this concern. (â€Å"Howell†). For generations, educators have explored ways for students to evolve with personal and educational development. Each individual student has an unlike mechanism for that particular learner. Arranging students in separate classrooms will benefit not only their education, but their personalRead MorePublic Schools Vs. Sex Schools1565 Words   |  7 Pages Public Schools v. Single- Sex Schools Did you ever think about the people that your children are surrounded by throughout the school day? If they are bullied, left alone or fit in? Did you ever consider putting them in a different school? Education is very important. Some of the reasons education is important are quite simple. Education is to better a person s self knowledge needed later in life. We start education at such a young age because children have a different level of common knowledgeRead MoreSingle Sex Schooling And Coeducation882 Words   |  4 PagesSingle-sex schooling and coeducation have been doing through a huge debate throughout the years. Researchers wonder if single-sex education is more useful than coeducation. Single-sex schooling occurred throughout the United States history. Single-sex schooling was prevalent before the 19th century. During the 19th century, more single-sex schools were transforming into coeducational schools. In 1917 coeducation was instructed in the Soviet Union. Accordin g to Cornelius Riordan, â€Å"By the end of theRead MoreLets Talk About Sex Education Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesComprehensive sex education should be taught in public schools. The youth of today cannot make educated decisions regarding sex if they are not properly educated. Not educating America’s youth in all aspects of sex education is comparable to allowing them to drive without being taught. This choice of not allowing comprehensive sex education is schools is dangerous and can have life long consequences. These consequences will not only affect the individual but can ultimately affect America. It is vitalRead MoreSingle Sex Education Has Been Growing Popularity Since The 2002 No Child Left Behind Act Essay1339 Words   |  6 PagesSingle-sex education has been growing in popularity since the 2002 No Child Left Behind Act was passed, allowing local educational agencies to use â€Å"Innovative Programs† funds to support same-gender schools and classrooms â⠂¬Å"consistent with existing law.† The U.S. Department of Education loosened its Title IX regulation in 2006 to diminish prohibitions on single-sex education. While simply separating boys and girls doesn’t guarantee success, schools that use best practices for gender-specific teachingRead MoreDania Jaser. Educational Psychology 2242. Kristen Kwasny.1734 Words   |  7 PagesKristen Kwasny 3 March 2017 Are Single-sex schools better? Recently single-sex schools have made a comeback, and this has raised the question of whether they are better than coeducational schools. In single-sex educational systems, male and female students are separated and taught in different school buildings or classrooms. In a historical point of view, only boys were given the opportunity to pursue formal education in the United States. Schools for women began to spread in the beginning ofRead MoreAre Single Sex Schools Better Than Co Ed?770 Words   |  4 PagesSame Sex or Coed Learning Are single-sex schools better than co-ed? We must first ask ourselves what is the main purpose of educating our youth. If the answer is to simply just teach our youth the basics like Mathematics, English, Social Studies, and Sciences then the answer would be yes. However, it is paramount that we also educate our youth in these topics while also preparing them to social interact and solve issues with all races and sexes. A single sex school or classes would greatly limit

Old Man And The Sea Argumentative Essay Example For Students

Old Man And The Sea Argumentative Essay TheOld Man and the Sea is a heroic tale of mans strength pitted againstforces he cannot control. It is a story about an old Cuban fisherman and histhree-day battle with a giant Marlin. Through the use of three prominent themes;friendship, bravery, and Christianity; the Old Man and the Seastrives to teach important life lessons to the reader while also epitomizingSantiago, the old fisherman, as a Hemingway code hero. The relationship betweenSantiago and the boy is introduced early in the story. They are unlikelycompanions; one is old and the other young, yet they share an insuperable amountof respect and loyalty for each other. Santiago does not treat Manolin as ayoung boy but rather as an equal. Age is not a factor in their relationship. We will write a custom essay on Old Man And The Sea Argumentative specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Manolin does not even act as a young boy; he is mature and sensitive toSantiagos feelings. He even offers to disobey his parents and accompanySantiago on his fishing trips. Santiago is viewed as an outcast in his villagebecause he has not caught any fish for more than eighty-four days and istherefore unlucky. Nonetheless Manolin is loyal to Santiago and evenwhen his parents forbid him he wants to help his friend. Their conversations arecomfortable, like that of two friends who have known each other for a long time. When they speak it is usually about baseball or fishing, the two things theyhave most in common. Their favorite team is the Yankees and Santiago never losesfaith in them even when the star player, Joe DiMaggio is injured with a heelspur. In this way Santiago not only teaches Manolin about fishing but also aboutimportant characteristics such as faith. In the story Santiagos bravery isunsurpassed but it is not until he hooks the great fish that wetruly see his valor and perseverance. Through Santiagos actions Hemingwayteaches the reader about bravery and tenacity in the face of adversity. Hedemonstrates that even when all is lost and seems hopeless a faith and willfulheart will overcome anything. Santiago had lost his luckiness andtherefore the respect of his village. Through the description of his cabin wealso suspect that Santiago is a widower. Although Santiago has had many troubleshe perseveres. He has faith in Manolin, in the Yankees, in Joe DiMaggio, andmost importantly in himsel f. This is perhaps his greatest attribute becausewithout it he would never have had the strength to persevere and defeat thegiant Marlin. Faith is not the only thing that drives his perseverance. Santiagoalso draws upon his past victories for strength. After he hooks the Marlin hefrequently recalls his battle with a native in what he calls the handgame. It is not just an arm wrestling victory for him it is a reminder ofhis youthful days. His recollections of this event usually proceed a favoritedream of his in which he sees many lions on a peaceful shore. These lionsrepresent him when he is young and strong and could overcome any challenge. Although he is an old man and his body is no longer like it used to be his heartis still great and he eventually defeats the Marlin. Santiagos perseverance andbravery are further illustrated when he tries to fight off the sharks. He was afisherman all his life and therefore he knows that the fate of his catch isinevitable yet he persists to fight the sharks. The battle between him and thesharks is about principles not a mere fish. Santiago is still a great warrior atheart and warriors fight until the end. One of the greatest and most obviouspieces of symbolism in the story is Christianity. From the beginning of thestory the reader is shown a unique relationship between Santiago and Manolin. .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c , .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c .postImageUrl , .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c , .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c:hover , .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c:visited , .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c:active { border:0!important; } .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c:active , .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u291d4f6777c610442541548c0c36004c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alexis de Tocqueville?s Influence EssayTheir relationship parallels that of Christ and his disciples. Manolin isSantiagos disciple and Santiago teaches Manolin about fishing and life. One ofthe greatest lessons that Santiago gives is that of a simple faith. Havefaith in the Yankees my son. This type of faith reflects the basicprinciples of Christianity. Hemingways description of Santiago furtherillustrates Christian symbolism. Hemingway gives a reference to the nail-piercedhands of Christ by stating that Santiagos hands had deep creasedscars. Hemingway also parallels Santiagos suffering to that of Christ bystating that he settled against the wood and took his suffering as itcame. Even more profound is the description of Santiagos response when hesaw the sharks, just a noise such a man might make, involuntarily feelingthe nail go through his hands and into the wood. (Page 107) Furthersymbolism is shown when Santiago arrives home and carries the mast across hisshoulders as Christ carried the cross to Calvary. Also, like Christ, Santiagocould not bare the weight and collapsed on the road. When he finally reached hiscabin he slept face down on the newspapers with his arms out straight andthe palms of his hands up. (Page 122) Hemingway puts these themes togetherin such a way that they do not conflict with each other. He does allowChristianity to be a more dominant theme than the other but instead makes itmore symbolic than intentional. He does not smother the relationship between theold man and the young boy but instead separates them for a large part of thestory. Finally, he does not make Santiagos bravery a central them byhighlighting his weaknesses. In the end the old mans perseverance and faith payoff. He finally gains the respect of the village and succeeds in teachingManolin the lessons of faith and bravery. In Ernest Hemingways The OldMan and the Sea, one will find many examples in which the main character,Santiago, surpasses many hardships while being courageous, brave, and being afriend. Each of these: courage, bravery, and friendship, are qualities in aHemingway code hero.